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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Published on: November 20, 2015

High incidence of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants.

Hye Rim Chung1, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.

Journal of Korean Medical Science
|August 6, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Repeat thyroid function tests are crucial for preterm infants, as initial results may not reflect true thyroid status. Monitoring is essential, especially for those exposed to iodine variations.

Keywords:
HypothyroidismPreterm InfantThyroid hormones

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Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
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Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatric Research

Background:

  • Preterm infants (<32 weeks' gestational age) require careful monitoring of thyroid function due to developmental vulnerabilities.
  • Thyroid dysfunction in preterm neonates can impact growth and neurodevelopment.
  • Establishing reliable thyroid function assessment protocols for this population is critical.

Observation:

  • Thyroid function tests, including serum free thyroxine (fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH), were evaluated in 105 preterm infants.
  • Initial tests were followed by repeat assessments more than two weeks later to track thyroid status.
  • Factors analyzed included gestational age, systemic diseases, nutrition, and iodine exposure.

Findings:

  • 30% of infants exhibited low fT4 without elevated TSH, indicating potential subclinical issues.
  • 12% were diagnosed with hypothyroidism (low fT4 and high TSH) around 28 days of age.
  • Transient TSH elevations with normal fT4 were observed in some infants, particularly after surgical procedures involving iodine.

Implications:

  • Repeated thyroid function testing is essential for preterm infants, even with initially normal results.
  • Iodine exposure (excessive or insufficient) is a significant factor influencing thyroid dysfunction in this group.
  • Early and accurate diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants is vital for timely intervention and management.