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Dorsal Root Ganglia Isolation and Primary Culture to Study Neurotransmitter Release
Published on: October 6, 2018
Purines and sensory nerves
1Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, Royal Free and University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK. g.burnstock@ucl.ac.uk
Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|August 6, 2009
Summary
P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors on sensory neurons detect stimuli like mechanical stress and hypoxia. These purinergic receptors play a role in pain, reflex responses, and various physiological and pathological conditions.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
Background:
- P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors are present on sensory neurons and their terminals.
- These receptors are found in various ganglia, including dorsal root, nodose, trigeminal, petrosal, retinal, and enteric ganglia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the distribution and function of P2X and P2Y nucleotide receptors on sensory neurons.
- To explore the role of purinergic mechanisms in physiological responses and various diseases.
Main Methods:
- The study reviews existing literature on P2X and P2Y receptor distribution and function.
- It discusses the activation of peripheral and central terminals by ATP and its consequences.
Main Results:
- Peripheral sensory neuron terminals are activated by ATP released from local cells due to mechanical deformation, hypoxia, or other agents.
- Activation mediates reflex responses and nociception, and purinergic receptors in the spinal cord and brain stem are involved in reflex control and pain signaling.
- Purinergic mechanisms are upregulated in inflammatory conditions and implicated in conditions such as pain, migraine, and visceral disorders.
Conclusions:
- Purinergic signaling via P2X and P2Y receptors is crucial for sensory functions, including nociception and reflex control.
- These receptors are involved in a wide range of physiological processes and pathological conditions, including inflammation and pain.
- The study highlights the potential therapeutic implications of targeting purinergic mechanisms and considers their evolutionary development.
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