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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

The Frequency Domain Thermoreflectance Technique for Thermal Property Measurements
Published on: December 5, 2025
Doppler reflectometer system in the stellarator TJ-II
T Happel1, T Estrada, E Blanco
1Laboratorio Nacional de Fusión, Asociación Euratom-CIEMAT, 28040 Madrid, Spain. tim.happel@ciemat.es
Abstract:
A Doppler reflectometer system has recently been installed in the stellarator TJ-II. The system is optimized for the Q-band (33-50 GHz) and the high-curvature plasmas produced in TJ-II. The launch angle of the microwave beam can be controlled by a steerable mirror to obtain angles between +/-20 degrees enabling the measurement of perpendicular wave numbers in the range of 3-15 cm(-1). The available angular range allows for comparisons between positive and negative values and additionally for calibration of the system. Localization and k(perpendicular)-estimation is done via the three-dimensional ray/beam-tracing code TRUBA. First measured spectra and radial profiles of the perpendicular velocity of plasma density fluctuations are presented.
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