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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
15:18

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

Consent issues and pediatric regional anesthesia.

Per-Arne Lönnqvist1, Neil S Morton, Allison K Ross

  • 1Paediatric Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, ALB/Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. per-arne.lonnqvist@karolinska.se

Paediatric Anaesthesia
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consent for pediatric regional anesthesia varies globally. Emerging trends suggest stricter, detailed written consent requirements are becoming standard practice for these anesthetic procedures.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure
15:18

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Published on: July 30, 2009

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Medical Law

Background:

  • Consent requirements for regional anesthetic procedures differ significantly across countries.
  • There is an increasing likelihood of more stringent legislation and professional guidelines regarding consent.
  • Detailed written consent is already mandated for regional blockade in several nations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the critical aspects of obtaining consent for regional anesthesia in pediatric patients.
  • To highlight the variability in consent practices for pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • To inform healthcare providers about evolving consent standards.

Main Methods:

  • Review of international legislation and professional guidelines on medical consent.
  • Analysis of current practices for obtaining consent for pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • Discussion of ethical and legal considerations.

Main Results:

  • Significant international variation exists in the necessity of consent for pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • A trend towards more rigorous and detailed written consent procedures is evident.
  • Legal and professional bodies are likely to enforce stricter guidelines.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers must be aware of the diverse and evolving consent landscape for pediatric regional anesthesia.
  • Adherence to detailed written consent is crucial, especially in jurisdictions requiring it.
  • Ensuring informed consent is paramount for ethical and legal practice in pediatric anesthesia.