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Related Experiment Videos

Pre- and postsynaptic adrenergic dysfunctions in hypertension.

J de Champlain1

  • 1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada.

Journal of Hypertension. Supplement : Official Journal of the International Society of Hypertension
|December 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Sympathetic nervous system activity is elevated in hypertension models and patients, indicating baroreflex dysfunction. This involves altered presynaptic and postsynaptic adrenoceptor signaling, promoting higher blood pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sympathetic nervous system overactivity is observed in experimental hypertension models (DOCA salt, SHR) and essential hypertensive patients.
  • This heightened sympathetic activity suggests baroreflex blood pressure regulation dysfunction, as elevated pressure normally suppresses sympathetic output.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying sympathetic overactivity in hypertension.
  • To explore the roles of presynaptic and postsynaptic adrenoceptor alterations in hypertensive states.

Main Methods:

  • Sympathetic transmitter release evaluation.
  • Sympathetic nerve microneurographic recordings.
  • Pharmacologic, physiologic, and biochemical analyses of adrenoceptor function and signaling pathways.

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Main Results:

  • Reduced sensitivity of presynaptic alpha 2 inhibitory autoreceptors and enhanced sensitivity of beta 2 presynaptic receptors were noted.
  • Postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenergic functions become dominant, while beta adrenergic functions are attenuated in hypertension.
  • Experimental hypertension shows decreased beta adrenoceptors and cyclic AMP production, with unchanged or increased alpha 1 adrenoceptors and enhanced inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol production.

Conclusions:

  • Hypertension is associated with sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity.
  • Dysfunctional baroreflex regulation and altered adrenoceptor sensitivity (presynaptic and postsynaptic) contribute to sympathetic overactivity.
  • An imbalance in postsynaptic adrenoceptor function favors sympathetic pressor effects, promoting hypertension.