Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of many...
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents01:20

Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Statins and Miscellaneous Agents

Hyperlipidemia, a medical condition often referred to as high cholesterol, is characterized by abnormally elevated levels of lipids in the bloodstream. When present in excess, these lipids, specifically cholesterol and triglycerides, can lead to serious health complications, often involving cardiovascular diseases. Illnesses like atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and pancreatitis have all been linked to untreated hyperlipidemia. This means controlling and regulating cholesterol and triglyceride...
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthesis and evaluation of 14β-acyl substituted 17-cyclopropylmethyl-7,8-dihydromorphinone derivatives: mixed partial agonists at mu opioid and nociception/orphanin FQ peptide receptors.

RSC medicinal chemistry·2026
Same author

Executive Summary-Society of Critical Care Medicine and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Guideline for the Prevention of Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Adults.

American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists·2025
Same author

Executive Summary-Society of Critical Care Medicine Guideline and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists for the Prevention of Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Adults: Erratum.

Critical care medicine·2025
Same author

Effectiveness of a Pharmacist-Led Intervention to Reduce Acid Suppression Therapy for Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis in ICUs in China: A Multicenter, Stepped-Wedge, Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Critical care medicine·2025
Same author

Utilizing whole genome sequencing to characterize central line-associated bloodstream infections due to <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>.

Infection control and hospital epidemiology·2025
Same author

Executive Summary-Society of Critical Care Medicine Guideline and American Society of Health-System Pharmacists for the Prevention of Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Adults.

Critical care medicine·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Clinically important interaction between statin drugs and Clostridium difficile toxin?

Timothy McGuire1, Paul Dobesh, Don Klepser

  • 1College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6045, United States. trmcguir@unmc.edu

Medical Hypotheses
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Statins may increase the risk of Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD). This study suggests statins potentiate C. difficile toxins, leading to a higher incidence and severity of CDAD.

More Related Videos

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
09:12

A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection

Published on: June 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) is increasing in incidence and affecting younger, healthier populations.
  • Gastric acid suppression, particularly proton pump inhibitors, is a known risk factor for CDAD.
  • C. difficile toxins A and B glucosylates Rho proteins, disrupting cellular pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential role of statins as a risk factor for CDAD.
  • To explore the mechanism by which statins might potentiate C. difficile toxin effects.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study comparing CDAD rates in patients receiving statins versus non-statin controls.
  • Analysis of the mechanism of Rho protein inhibition by statins and C. difficile toxins.

Main Results:

  • Preliminary data from a retrospective cohort showed an increased rate of CDAD in patients taking statins.
  • Statins inhibit Rho isoprenylation, a different step than C. difficile toxins, potentially potentiating toxin effects.

Conclusions:

  • Statins may interact with C. difficile toxins A and B, increasing the risk and severity of CDAD.
  • Further research is warranted to confirm the association between statin use and CDAD.