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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Overview
Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
10:59

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage

Published on: August 21, 2021

Udu deficiency activates DNA damage checkpoint.

Chiaw-Hwee Lim1, Shang-Wei Chong, Yun-Jin Jiang

  • 1Laboratory of Developmental Signalling and Patterning, Genes and Development Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673.

Molecular Biology of the Cell
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

The ugly duckling (udu) protein is crucial for maintaining genome integrity and cell cycle progression. Loss of Udu function leads to DNA damage and apoptosis, highlighting its essential role beyond blood cell development.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Endonuclease-Based Site-Specific DNA Damage
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10:55

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The protein Udu (ugly duckling) is known for its role in blood cell development.
  • Its functions in other cellular processes are not well understood.
  • Udu mutants display defects in embryonic development, specifically in somite and myotome boundaries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the unexplored roles of Udu in cellular processes.
  • To elucidate the function of Udu in maintaining genome integrity and cell cycle control.

Main Methods:

  • Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis to assess cell cycle progression.
  • Comet assay to detect DNA damage.
  • Western blotting and apoptosis assays to analyze cell death pathways.
  • Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation to identify protein interactions.
  • Immunofluorescence to determine protein localization during DNA replication.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Udu function leads to defective cell cycle progression and increased DNA damage.
  • Udu mutants exhibit p53-dependent apoptosis mediated by the Atm-Chk2 pathway.
  • Udu is not required for DNA repair following UV treatment.
  • Udu interacts with MCM3 and MCM4 proteins.
  • Udu localizes with heterochromatin during DNA replication, suggesting a role in genome stability.

Conclusions:

  • Udu plays a critical role in maintaining genome integrity and regulating cell cycle progression.
  • Its function is essential for preventing DNA damage and subsequent apoptosis.
  • Udu interacts with key components of the DNA replication machinery (MCM3/4).
  • These findings expand the known functions of Udu beyond its established role in hematopoiesis.