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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...
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Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov., isolated from the stratosphere.

Yinjie Yang1, Takashi Itoh2, Shin-Ichi Yokobori1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A novel pink-red bacterium, Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov., was discovered in stratospheric dust. This extremophile exhibits remarkable resistance to radiation and desiccation, expanding our understanding of microbial life in extreme environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Extremophile Research
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • The genus Deinococcus is known for its remarkable resistance to environmental stressors like radiation and desiccation.
  • Microorganisms inhabiting extreme environments, such as the stratosphere, offer insights into the limits of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize a novel bacterial strain isolated from stratospheric dust.
  • To determine the phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic properties of the isolate.
  • To propose a new species within the genus Deinococcus.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of bacteria from stratospheric dust samples.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
  • Determination of DNA G+C content, radiation resistance, and fatty acid composition.
  • Biochemical tests including nitrate reduction and carbon source assimilation.

Main Results:

  • A pink-red pigmented, non-motile coccoid bacterium, strain ST0316(T), was isolated.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed the strain within the genus Deinococcus.
  • The strain demonstrated high resistance to gamma-rays (D(10) >8 kGy) and UV radiation (D(10) 1000 J m(-2)), along with desiccation tolerance.
  • Genomic and chemotaxonomic data distinguished it from known Deinococcus species, with <93.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to its closest relatives.

Conclusions:

  • Strain ST0316(T) represents a new species of the genus Deinococcus, named Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov.
  • The discovery highlights the presence of resilient bacteria in the stratosphere.
  • Deinococcus aetherius sp. nov. adds to the diversity of extremophilic bacteria with unique survival strategies.