Pathogenetic and clinical relevance of microRNAs in colorectal cancer

Nicola Valeri1, Carlo M Croce, Muller Fabbri

  • 1Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Insights

Colorectal cancer (CRC) develops through accumulated genetic changes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in CRC, offering insights into disease progression and potential treatment strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex, multistep disease driven by genetic mutations.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small RNA molecules, are increasingly recognized for their role in cancer development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review examines the mechanisms behind miRNA alterations in CRC.
  • It explores the functional impact of these changes on CRC pathogenesis.
  • The review highlights the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for CRC management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genome-wide profiling studies.
  • Analysis of research on miRNA deregulation in colorectal cancer.
  • Synthesis of findings on miRNA function and clinical utility.

Main Results:

  • Numerous miRNAs are deregulated in CRC, influencing tumorigenesis.
  • Specific miRNA alterations are linked to CRC development and progression.
  • miRNAs show promise as prognostic and predictive markers.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding miRNA alterations is crucial for deciphering CRC pathogenesis.
  • miRNAs represent a significant area for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in CRC.
  • Further research into miRNAs could personalize CRC patient management.

Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...