Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection
08:15

Humanized NOG Mice for Intravaginal HIV Exposure and Treatment of HIV Infection

Published on: January 31, 2020

Evaluation and treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus-1-exposed infant

    Paediatrics & Child Health
    |August 7, 2009
    PubMed

    Insights

    Pediatricians play a vital role in preventing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). They identify exposed infants, provide antiretroviral prophylaxis, and offer crucial family support.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Effective interventions can reduce perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission to 2% or less in developed countries.
    • The role of pediatricians is crucial in managing HIV-1 exposed infants whose maternal diagnosis was delayed.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the key responsibilities of pediatricians in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1.
    • To detail the comprehensive care required for HIV-1 exposed infants.

    Main Methods:

    • Identifying HIV-1 exposed infants born to undiagnosed mothers.
    • Prescribing antiretroviral prophylaxis for infants to minimize HIV-1 acquisition risk.
    • Promoting strategies to prevent HIV-1 transmission via human milk.

    Main Results:

    • Pediatricians are central to identifying at-risk infants and initiating preventative treatment.
    • Early monitoring for HIV-1 status and antiretroviral toxicity is essential.
    • Chemoprophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia and family support are integral components of care.

    Conclusions:

    • Pediatricians are instrumental in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission through timely identification, prophylaxis, and ongoing care.
    • Comprehensive management by pediatricians includes monitoring for infection and treatment side effects, alongside essential family support and counseling.

    Keywords:
    AntiretroviralDiagnosisHIV-1HIV-exposed infantsMother-to-child transmission

    More Related Videos

    Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets08:12

    Isolation of Leukocytes from Human Breast Milk for Use in an Antibody-dependent Cellular Phagocytosis Assay of HIV Targets

    Published on: September 6, 2019

    Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture11:14

    Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

    Published on: October 12, 2018

    Related Concept Videos

    Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

    Sexually Transmitted Infections

    Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
    Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

    Immunodeficiency Diseases

    Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
    There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

    Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
    Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

    Cryptococcal Meningitis

    Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

    Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

    In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
    Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

    Cytomegalovirus Disease

    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...