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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain
11:29

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Published on: April 20, 2019

Size reduction using Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF) reduces phantom pain.

V S Ramachandran1, David Brang, Paul D McGeoch

  • 1Center for Brain and Cognition, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0109, USA. vramacha@ucsd.edu

Neurocase
|August 7, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Phantom limb pain can be reduced by visually altering the phantom limb. Optical illusions using mirrors and lenses can make phantom limbs appear to shrink, thereby reducing associated pain.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Limb amputation frequently results in a phantom limb sensation.
  • Phantom limb pain (PLP) affects a majority of amputees and can be severe.

Observation:

  • Patients experiencing phantom limb pain were studied.
  • A novel optical technique was employed to alter the visual perception of the phantom limb.

Findings:

  • Optically 'resurrecting' the phantom limb using a mirror was performed.
  • Using a lens to create the illusion of a shrinking phantom limb led to a corresponding reduction in phantom limb pain.

Implications:

  • This visual feedback therapy offers a non-invasive approach to managing phantom limb pain.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Real-time Video Projection in an MRI for Characterization of Neural Correlates Associated with Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain
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Published on: April 20, 2019

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  • Further research into optical illusions for pain management is warranted.