Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a problem,...

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic Collisions: Case Study

Elastic collision of a system demands conservation of both momentum and kinetic energy. To solve problems involving one-dimensional elastic collisions between two objects, the equations for conservation of momentum and conservation of internal kinetic energy can be used. For the two objects, the sum of momentum before the collision equals the total momentum after the collision. An elastic collision conserves internal kinetic energy, and so the sum of kinetic energies before the collision equals...

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...

Principle of Equivalence

Principle of Equivalence

According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...

Partial Differential Equations

Partial Differential Equations

A stone dropped into a still pond generates waves that propagate outward in circular patterns, creating a dynamic surface whose elevation depends on both position and time. At any given location, the water level oscillates as the wave passes, while at any fixed moment, the surface exhibits smooth, curved structures extending across space. This dual dependence requires a mathematical description that accounts for variation in multiple variables simultaneously.At a fixed point on the water...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Nonequilibrium phase diagram for the serration statistics during slow deformation of refractory high-entropy alloys.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Nanoscale Magnetic Ordering Dynamics in a High Curie Temperature Ferromagnet.

Nano letters·2025

Same author

Quantifying chemomechanical weakening in muscovite mica with a simple micromechanical model.

Nature communications·2024

Same author

Simple model for the prediction of seizure durations.

Physical review. E·2024

Same author

Critical nematic correlations throughout the superconducting doping range in Bi<sub>2-z</sub>Pb<sub>z</sub>Sr<sub>2-y</sub>La<sub>y</sub>CuO<sub>6+x</sub>.

Nature communications·2023

Same author

Recurrent activity in neuronal avalanches.

Scientific reports·2023

Same journal

Tension on dsDNA bound to ssDNA-RecA filaments may play an important role in driving efficient and accurate homology recognition and strand exchange.

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016

Same journal

Publisher's Note: Amplitude-phase coupling drives chimera states in globally coupled laser networks [Phys. Rev. E 91, 040901(R) (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016

Same journal

Erratum: Shapes of sedimenting soft elastic capsules in a viscous fluid [Phys. Rev. E 92, 033003 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016

Same journal

Erratum: Attenuation of excitation decay rate due to collective effect [Phys. Rev. E 90, 022142 (2014)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016

Same journal

Publisher's Note: Role of connectivity and fluctuations in the nucleation of calcium waves in cardiac cells [Phys. Rev. E 92, 052715 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016

Same journal

Publisher's Note: Lattice Boltzmann approach for complex nonequilibrium flows [Phys. Rev. E 92, 043308 (2015)].

Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics·2016

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Unexpected universality in static and dynamic avalanches.

Yang Liu¹, Karin A Dahmen

¹Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|August 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems exhibit identical avalanche behavior under changing conditions. This finding broadens the applicability of critical properties, allowing predictions between static and dynamic systems.

More Related Videos

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Physics
Statistical Mechanics
Complex Systems

Background:

Many physical systems exhibit critical phenomena, characterized by scale-invariant fluctuations and power-law distributions.
Avalanche behavior, a form of jerky dynamics, is observed in various systems, from earthquakes to financial markets.
Understanding the universality of critical properties is crucial for predicting system behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the statistical similarities between equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems regarding their avalanche behavior.
To determine if critical properties are more broadly applicable than previously assumed.
To explore the potential for using nonequilibrium systems to predict equilibrium critical behavior and vice versa.

Main Methods:

Analysis of system responses to slowly changing external conditions.
Statistical comparison of static and dynamic avalanches.
Examination of critical properties across different system types.

Main Results:

Identical jerky response and avalanche behavior observed in both equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems across multiple scales.
Statistical equivalence of static and dynamic avalanches.
Demonstration of shared critical properties between systems far from and at equilibrium.

Conclusions:

Critical properties are more universally applicable than previously thought.
Nonequilibrium systems can serve as models for predicting equilibrium critical behavior, and vice versa.
The observed universality simplifies the study of complex systems and their critical phenomena.