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Related Concept Videos

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids

Published on: December 4, 2017

Structure and dynamics of two-dimensional sheared granular flows.

K Anki Reddy1, V Kumaran

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Shear flow of inelastic disks decreases system order. Relative velocity distributions shift from Gaussian to exponential as inelasticity increases, impacting dissipation rates.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Understanding granular materials and dense suspensions is crucial in various scientific fields.
  • Shear flow dynamics in two-dimensional systems provide insights into complex material behaviors.
  • Inelasticity significantly alters particle interactions and system-level properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the structure and dynamics of two-dimensional linear shear flow in inelastic disks at high area fractions.
  • To investigate the impact of inelastic collisions on particle ordering and velocity distributions.
  • To evaluate the dissipation rate in comparison to theoretical assumptions like molecular chaos.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized event-driven simulation techniques in the hard-particle limit for instantaneous collisions.
  • Employed the bond-orientational order parameter to quantify the structure (particle arrangement).
  • Analyzed the distribution of relative velocities between colliding particles.

Main Results:

  • Shear flow was found to reduce the system's order, with lower order parameters compared to equilibrium elastic disks.
  • The relative velocity distribution transitioned from Gaussian (nearly elastic) to exponential (low restitution).
  • Single-particle distribution remained Gaussian in the dense limit, highlighting correlations' influence.

Conclusions:

  • Correlations between colliding particles significantly affect relative velocity distributions.
  • The molecular chaos assumption overestimates dissipation rates in dense inelastic disk systems.
  • Shear flow in dense inelastic granular systems exhibits reduced structural order and altered collision dynamics.