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Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
Carrier-Mediated Transport01:06

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Reynolds Transport Theorem01:24

Reynolds Transport Theorem

The Reynolds transport theorem provides a framework to relate the time rate of change of an extensive property within a system to that in a control volume, which is crucial for analyzing fluid dynamics. Extensive properties, such as mass, velocity, acceleration, temperature, and momentum, can be expressed in terms of the mass of a fluid portion. These properties are called extensive because they depend on the system's size, while intensive properties are their corresponding values per unit mass.
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)
12:19

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Published on: May 27, 2012

Transport and diffusion in the embedding map.

N Nirmal Thyagu1, Neelima Gupte

  • 1Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India. nirmal@physcis.iitm.ac.in

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We analyzed passive inertial particle transport in 2D incompressible flows, revealing distinct diffusion behaviors (normal, subdiffusive, superdiffusive) based on inertia and dissipation parameters. Particle transport properties correlate with complex dynamical regimes.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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12:19

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics and Transport Phenomena
  • Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos Theory
  • Statistical Mechanics and Particle Systems

Background:

  • Understanding passive inertial particle transport is crucial for modeling impurities in fluids.
  • Previous studies identified complex phase diagrams with periodic, chaotic, and mixed dynamical regimes.
  • Key transport characteristics include recurrence time, diffusion exponent, and jump length distributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the statistical transport properties of passive inertial particles in 2D incompressible flows.
  • To correlate dynamical regimes with observed transport behaviors, including diffusion and drift.
  • To analyze the impact of inertia and dissipation parameters on particle dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a four-dimensional dissipative embedding map of the 2D area-preserving standard map to model particle dynamics.
  • Analyzed recurrence time statistics, diffusion exponent, and jump length distributions across different parameter regimes.
  • Constructed phase diagrams to map diffusion behaviors (normal, subdiffusive, superdiffusive) and absolute drift.

Main Results:

  • Recurrence time distributions exhibit power-law tails in sticky regions and exponential decay in mixing regimes.
  • Diffusion exponents demonstrate normal, subdiffusive, and superdiffusive behaviors, varying with inertia (alpha) and dissipation (gamma) parameters.
  • Unstable dimension variability and crisis phenomena were observed, with signatures reflected in transport statistics.

Conclusions:

  • Particle transport properties are intricately linked to the underlying dynamical regimes and parameter values.
  • The study provides a comprehensive characterization of transport, including diffusion and recurrence, in a model fluid system.
  • Findings offer insights into impurity dynamics and have implications for understanding transport in realistic fluid systems.