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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model01:15

Theories of Dissolution: Diffusion Layer Model

Dissolution, the process by which drug particles dissolve in a solvent, is explained by the diffusion layer model, a theoretical framework that simulates the absorption of oral drugs and allows us to analyze experimental data.
This process starts with a thin layer, saturated with the drug, forming at the interface between the solid and liquid. The solute then diffuses from this layer into the main solution. The Noyes-Whitney equation suggests that the rate of dissolution relies on the diffusion...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...

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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope
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From Fast Fluorescence Imaging to Molecular Diffusion Law on Live Cell Membranes in a Commercial Microscope

Published on: October 9, 2014

Multiple regimes of diffusion.

B Mehlig1, M Wilkinson, V Bezuglyy

  • 1Department of Physics, Gothenburg University, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzes particle diffusion with random forces and damping, revealing distinct behaviors based on parameter limits. An asymptotic phase diagram maps these diverse diffusion regimes for independent particles.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Particle diffusion is fundamental in various scientific fields.
  • Understanding particle dynamics under external forces and damping is crucial.
  • Previous work has explored specific asymptotic behaviors of such systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diffusion of independent particles subjected to space- and time-dependent forces and viscous damping.
  • To explore the complete parameter space of this diffusion model.
  • To present a comprehensive asymptotic phase diagram categorizing different limiting regimes.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling of particle dynamics.
  • Analysis of random accelerations, space- and time-dependent forces, and viscous damping.
  • Exploration of dimensionless parameter space.
  • Identification and delineation of asymptotic behaviors.

Main Results:

  • The model exhibits multiple distinct asymptotic behaviors.
  • The interplay of forces and damping dictates the diffusion characteristics.
  • A comprehensive asymptotic phase diagram has been developed.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a unified framework for understanding particle diffusion under complex conditions.
  • The asymptotic phase diagram serves as a valuable tool for predicting particle behavior.
  • This research advances the understanding of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.