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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges01:23

Magnetic Field due to Moving Charges

A stationary charge creates and interacts with the electric field, while a moving charge creates a magnetic field.
Consider a point charge moving with a constant velocity. Like the electric field, the magnetic field at any point is directly proportional to the magnitude of the charge and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the source point and the field point. However, unlike the electric field, the magnetic field is always perpendicular to the plane containing the line...
Magnetic Field Lines01:19

Magnetic Field Lines

The representation of magnetic fields by magnetic field lines is very useful in visualizing the strength and direction of the magnetic field. Each of the magnetic field lines forms a closed loop. The field lines emerge from the north pole (N), loop around to the south pole (S), and continue through the bar magnet back to the north pole.
Magnetic field lines follow several hard-and-fast rules:
Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
Magnetic Field of a Solenoid01:18

Magnetic Field of a Solenoid

A solenoid is a conducting wire coated with an insulating material, wound tightly in the form of a helical coil. The magnetic field due to a solenoid is the vector sum of the magnetic fields due to its individual turns. Therefore, for an ideal solenoid, the magnetic field within the solenoid is directly proportional to the number of turns per unit length and the current. Conversely, the magnetic field outside the solenoid is zero.
Consider a solenoid with 100 turns wrapped around a cylinder of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:33

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: January 25, 2012

Strong intrinsic mixing in vortex magnetic fields.

James E Martin1, Lauren Shea-Rohwer, Kyle J Solis

  • 1Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1415, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

A novel magnetic mixing method uses a vortex field to achieve efficient fluid mixing. This technique, driven by particle chain formation, enhances biomolecule binding in microfluidic applications.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quantifying Mixing using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
07:33

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Published on: January 25, 2012

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact
06:53

Scanning SQUID Study of Vortex Manipulation by Local Contact

Published on: February 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Homogeneous mixing is crucial for many fluidic applications.
  • Traditional mixing methods can be inefficient, especially at microscale.
  • Magnetic particles offer unique properties for manipulation in fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a new magnetic mixing technique.
  • To elucidate the underlying microscopic mechanisms of this mixing method.
  • To explore the applications of this technique in microfluidics and biomolecule binding.

Main Methods:

  • Applying a "vortex" magnetic field to suspensions of magnetic particles.
  • Conducting experiments to study the relationship between field parameters and mixing efficiency.
  • Utilizing theory and simulations to understand particle behavior.

Main Results:

  • The vortex magnetic field induces strong, homogeneous mixing throughout the fluid volume.
  • Mixing torque is quadratic in field strength and decreases with increasing field frequency.
  • Optimal mixing occurs at a vortex field angle of approximately 55 degrees.
  • Field-induced formation of transient particle chains is identified as the key mechanism.

Conclusions:

  • The reported magnetic mixing method offers efficient and controllable fluid mixing.
  • The technique is based on the formation and dynamics of magnetic particle chains.
  • This method has significant potential for applications in microfluidic devices, particularly for accelerating biomolecule-microbead binding.