Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Electron Behavior

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles attracted to and orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in spaces associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into subshells and orbitals within each shell.
Electrons Orbit the Nucleus
Electrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus have less energy,...

Electron Behavior

Electron Behavior

Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are attracted to an orbit around the positively-charged nucleus of an atom. They reside in locations that are associated with energy levels called shells and are further organized into sub-shells and orbitals within each shell.Electrons Orbit the NucleusElectrons are found in specific locations outside of the nucleus. The shell in which an electron resides indicates the general energy level of the electron: those closer to the nucleus...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra. Schrödinger...

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle

When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Modeling Frequency Dependent Ultrasound Attenuation in Cortical Bone: Solving Direct and Inverse Problems.

IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium : [proceedings]. IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium·2025

Same author

Imaging of hypoglossal palsy: a pictorial synopsis.

Clinical radiology·2024

Same author

Inferring porosity from frequency dependent attenuation in cortical bone mimicking porous media.

IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium : [proceedings]. IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium·2024

Same author

Using ultrasonic attenuation in cortical bone to infer distributions on pore size.

Applied mathematical modelling·2024

Same author

A modeling approach to understanding OLED performance improvements arising from spatial variations in guest:host blend ratio.

The Journal of chemical physics·2023

Same author

Boltzmann's equation at 150: Traditional and modern solution techniques for charged particles in neutral gases.

The Journal of chemical physics·2023

Same journal

Erratum: Spectroscopy and Ground-State Transfer of Ultracold Bosonic ^{39}K^{133}Cs Molecules [Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 203401 (2025)].

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Erratum: Lifetime of the ^{2}F_{7/2} Level in Yb^{+} for Spontaneous Emission of Electric Octupole Radiation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 213001 (2021)].

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Laser-Plasma Based Seeded Free Electron Laser in the High-Gain Regime.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Parent Hamiltonians for Stabilizer Quantum Many-Body Scars.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Properties of Heavy Cosmic Nuclei Phosphorus, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, and Calcium: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer.

Physical review letters·2026

Same journal

Role of Spin-Isospin Symmetries in Nuclear β-Decays.

Physical review letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

Positron kinetics in soft condensed matter.

R D White¹, R E Robson

¹ARC Centre for Antimatter-Matter Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4810, Australia. Ronald.White@jcu.edu.au

Physical Review Letters

|August 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new kinetic theory models positron behavior in soft matter by combining molecular scattering data with medium structure. This theory explains negative differential conductivity in liquid argon due to positron formation and medium properties.

More Related Videos

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

High-Resolution Neutron Spectroscopy to Study Picosecond-Nanosecond Dynamics of Proteins and Hydration Water

Published on: April 28, 2022

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Study of Protein Dynamics via Neutron Spin Echo Spectroscopy

Published on: April 13, 2022

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Plasma physics
Computational physics

Background:

Understanding charged particle behavior in condensed matter is crucial for various applications.
Existing theories often simplify the complex interactions within soft matter.
Positron interactions are particularly complex due to their antimatter nature.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel kinetic theory for positrons in soft matter.
To incorporate both single-molecule scattering and medium structure effects.
To investigate phenomena like negative differential conductivity.

Main Methods:

Developed a kinetic theory integrating positron-molecule cross-sections with the medium's structure function.
Applied the theory to positrons in liquid argon.
Performed numerical simulations to analyze positron behavior.

Main Results:

The new theory successfully models positron dynamics in soft matter.
Numerical results for liquid argon show negative differential conductivity.
This conductivity is attributed to positron formation and the medium's structure.

Conclusions:

The developed kinetic theory provides a more comprehensive understanding of positrons in soft matter.
The findings highlight the importance of medium structure in positron transport.
The study offers insights into the mechanisms behind negative differential conductivity.