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Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis, the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...

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Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope

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Realization of anisotropic diamagnetic kepler problem in a solid state environment.

Zhanghai Chen¹, Weihang Zhou, Bo Zhang

¹Surface Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China. zhanghai@fudan.edu.cn

Physical Review Letters

|August 8, 2009

Summary

Researchers observed quasi-Landau resonances (QLR) in silicon P donors under magnetic fields, demonstrating quantum chaotic dynamics in the anisotropic diamagnetic Kepler problem (ADKP). This confirms theoretical predictions for Rydberg atoms.

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Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Solid-state physics
Quantum mechanics
Atomic physics

Background:

The anisotropic diamagnetic Kepler problem (ADKP) describes electron motion under specific electric and magnetic fields.
Rydberg atoms and donor impurities in semiconductors exhibit complex quantum behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally realize and investigate the anisotropic diamagnetic Kepler problem (ADKP) in a solid-state environment.
To observe and explain quasi-Landau resonances (QLR) as evidence of quantum chaos.

Main Methods:

Experimental realization using orbital electrons of a P donor in silicon under magnetic fields.
Observation of interference of electron wave packets leading to quasi-Landau resonances (QLR).
Application of closed-orbit theory to an anisotropic solid-state environment.

Main Results:

Quasi-Landau resonances (QLR) were successfully observed.
Specific orbits responsible for QLR were identified, linking them to quantum chaotic behavior.
Excellent agreement between experimental spectra and theoretical calculations was achieved.

Conclusions:

The study provides unambiguous evidence of quantum chaotic dynamics in electrons within the ADKP.
The findings validate the application of closed-orbit theory in anisotropic solid-state systems.
This work bridges the gap between theoretical models of quantum chaos and experimental observations in condensed matter systems.