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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Synthesis of Graphene Nanofluids with Controllable Flake Size Distributions

Synthesis of Graphene Nanofluids with Controllable Flake Size Distributions

Published on: July 17, 2019

Graphene: a nearly perfect fluid.

Markus Müller¹, Jörg Schmalian, Lars Fritz

¹The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34014 Trieste, Italy.

Physical Review Letters

|August 8, 2009

Summary

We determined the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density in graphene using quantum kinetic theory. This quantum fluid exhibits low viscosity, approaching a theoretical lower bound, with implications for preturbulent current flow.

Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Quantum Fluids
Materials Science

Background:

Hydrodynamics and collision-dominated transport govern correlated quantum liquids.
The shear viscosity (eta) to entropy density (s) ratio (eta/s) quantifies excitation interactions in quantum fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

Determine the eta/s ratio in clean, undoped graphene.
Investigate the implications of low viscosity in quantum critical systems.

Main Methods:

Employed quantum kinetic theory to model graphene.
Analyzed hydrodynamics and transport phenomena.

Main Results:

Calculated a significantly low eta/s ratio for graphene.
Observed the ratio approaching the conjectured lower bound from quark-gluon plasma studies.

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Identified quantum criticality as the cause for the low eta/s.

Conclusions:

Graphene exhibits uniquely low viscosity due to quantum criticality.
The low viscosity may lead to phenomena like preturbulent current flow.
This finding offers insights into strongly correlated quantum systems.