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Ethics in Research01:56

Ethics in Research

Today, scientists agree that good research is ethical in nature and is guided by a basic respect for human dignity and safety. However, this has not always been the case. Modern researchers must demonstrate that the research they perform is ethically sound.
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Ethics and Bioethics

Ethics is a philosophical study of moral actions. Ethics attempts to determine what is valuable for individuals and society. It examines the rational justification of moral judgments and analyzes what is morally just, fair, and right. Bioethics is a sub-discipline of applied ethics that analyzes the philosophical, social, and legal issues in life sciences and medicine. Ethical theories serve as a foundation for decision-making and represent the viewpoints from which people seek direction. They...
Ethical Dilemmas I01:17

Ethical Dilemmas I

Ethical dilemmas in nursing are of utmost importance, as they often arise from the tension between adhering to core ethical principles and the practical realities of healthcare delivery. These dilemmas require nurses to navigate complex situations where competing ethical considerations pull them in different directions.
Let us explore some examples to understand the potentially complex moral decisions nurses face.
Take the case of caring for minors, particularly in areas related to reproductive...
Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

Nursing Ethical Principles II

Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
Consider the following scenario, which illustrates how these principles are applied in the care of Mr. John, a fifty-year-old teacher diagnosed with metastatic liver cancer.
Initially, Mr. John's cancer...
Nursing Ethical Principles I01:22

Nursing Ethical Principles I

Ethical principles serve as the moral compass in the longstanding tradition of nursing, guiding healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients and families. These principles, namely autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, provide a robust framework for navigating the ethical complexities of daily nursing practice.
Autonomy
Autonomy underscores the significance of a patient's self-determination and freedom from external control. In healthcare, respecting the...
Ethical Dilemmas II01:30

Ethical Dilemmas II

Resolving an ethical dilemma in healthcare involves a systematic approach that considers every aspect of the issue, respecting both the patient's needs and values and the healthcare professional's ethical obligations. Here are potential steps to resolve an ethical dilemma:

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Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Working with Human Tissues for Translational Cancer Research
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Published on: November 26, 2015

Going from principles to rules in research ethics.

Benjamin Sachs1

  • 1Center for Bioethics, New York University, USA. sachs@nyu.edu

Bioethics
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study questions common research ethics rules, finding they lack support in fundamental ethical principles. It argues against maintaining these rules without stronger justification, impacting subject protection and research validity.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Ethics
  • Research Integrity
  • Clinical Trial Governance

Background:

  • Established ethical canons govern investigator conduct and fundamental principles in human subject research.
  • Canonical documents like the Nuremberg Code and Declaration of Helsinki inform these ethical standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the alignment between specific research ethics rules and underlying ethical principles.
  • To challenge the justification for retaining rules that lack explicit support from core ethical tenets.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of established ethical pronouncements (Nuremberg Code, Declaration of Helsinki, Belmont Report, CIOMS, NBAC).
  • Comparative examination of ethical rules versus fundamental ethical principles in research.

Main Results:

  • Several commonly accepted research ethics rules lack direct support from fundamental ethical principles.
  • The scientific validity of rules regarding risk minimization, post-trial access, and subject inducements is questioned.

Conclusions:

  • The justification for adhering to certain research ethics rules is weakened when they are not clearly derived from core principles.
  • Re-evaluation of research ethics rules is necessary to ensure their continued validity and ethical grounding.