Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Quasistatic Mechanical Testing for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Occlusal Veneers Cemented to Milled Dentin Analog Material
Published on: December 20, 2024
The optical effect of composite luting cement on all ceramic crowns
John Chang1, John D Da Silva, Maiko Sakai
1Department of Restorative Dentistry and Biomaterials Sciences, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, 188 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Purpose:
To investigate the optical properties of resin-based composite cements and assess their effects on the color of all ceramic crowns.
Material And Methods:
Optical properties of three cements (Variolink II, Esthetic, Nexus II) were analyzed using disk samples (100 microm and 1.0 mm diameter) based on CIELAB color coordinates L*a*b*C* and opacity index. Empress (Ivoclar) and Katana (Noritake) crowns were filled with four different shades of die material (IPS die material ST3, ST5, ST9 and Tetric Evo Ceram Bleach XL). The shade of the crowns was measured with each of three shades of composite cement (Chroma, Bleach and Opaque, Esthetic cement). ST3 and glycerin served as the control. Color differences were calculated in incisal, body and cervical regions.
Results:
In the cervical and body regions, the color change caused by the bleach abutment could not be altered by using different colored cements for the Empress and Katana crowns. In the cervical region, the color changes effected by the dark brown abutment could be reversed with the bleach luting cement; in the body region this was true only for the Empress crown. Neither different abutment colors nor different luting cement shades resulted in perceptible color changes in the incisal regions. Mean DeltaE* values in the three areas (incisal, body, cervical) were significantly different (p-value<0.01); in the cervical and body regions Empress mean DeltaE* was significantly larger (p<0.01).
Conclusion:
The composite cements evaluated in this study created perceptible color differences with particular combinations of die material, cement and ceramic crown.
Related Concept Videos
Porosity in Cement Paste
The balance of water to cement in the mix is critical—it...
Accelerated Curing of Concrete
Hydration of Cement
Fineness of Cement
Direct...
Pozzolans
Fly ash is a...
Soundness of Cement
