Extracellular signals regulating sympathetic neuron survival and target innervation during development

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Biology
• Cell Signaling

Background:

• Paravertebral sympathetic neurons are amenable to in vitro and in vivo study throughout development.
• Previous research has elucidated key aspects of neuronal development using these models.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the roles of extracellular signals in sympathetic neuron survival and target innervation.
• To document sequential developmental stages regulated by these signals.

Main Methods:

• In vivo anatomical descriptions of neuronal development.
• In vitro studies on the effects of extracellular signaling molecules.
• Analysis of sympathetic phenotype in transgenic mouse models.

Main Results:

• Extracellular signals orchestrate sequential steps in sympathetic innervation establishment and refinement.
• Neurotrophic factors, cytokines, and other signals regulate sympathetic neuron survival.
• These signals guide target innervation throughout development.

Conclusions:

• Extracellular signaling molecules are critical regulators of sympathetic nervous system development.
• A comprehensive understanding of these signals informs strategies for neuronal development and regeneration.