Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026
Universal Screening for Prevention of Reading, Writing, and Math Disabilities in Spanish
Published on: July 18, 2020
Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): norms for verbal span, visuospatial span, letter and
Jordi Peña-Casanova1, Sonia Quiñones-Ubeda, María Quintana-Aparicio
1Section of Behavioral Neurology and Dementias, Hospital del Mar, Institut Municipal d'Assistència Sanitària, Barcelona, Spain. jpcasanova@imas.imim.es
Abstract:
As part of the Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA project), we provide age- and education-adjusted norms for the following instruments: verbal span (digits), visuospatial span (Corsi's test), letter-number sequencing (WAIS-III), trail making test, and symbol digit modalities test. The sample consists of 354 participants who are cognitively normal, community-dwelling, and age ranging from 50 to 90 years. Tables are provided to convert raw scores to age-adjusted scaled scores. These were further converted into education-adjusted scaled scores by applying regression-based adjustments. The current norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluating elderly Spanish people. These data may be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. Limitations of these normative data are mainly related to the techniques of recruitment and stratification employed.
