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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Establishment of Cancer Stem Cell Cultures from Human Conventional Osteosarcoma
09:25

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Published on: October 14, 2016

Paediatric solid tumours in Nigerian children: a changing pattern?

Na'anlep M Tanko1, Godwin O Echejoh, Nanfwang A Manasseh

  • 1Department of Histopathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, PMB 2076, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria. comexet@yahoo.co.uk

African Journal of Paediatric Surgery : AJPS
|August 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common childhood solid malignancy in Jos, Nigeria. This finding impacts the diagnosis, treatment, and outlook for pediatric soft tissue sarcomas in the region.

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Area of Science:

  • Paediatric Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Childhood cancer is an increasing concern in Nigeria and Africa.
  • Infectious and nutritional diseases are declining, shifting health priorities.
  • This study reviews paediatric solid tumours at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the frequency of childhood solid malignant tumours in Jos, Nigeria.
  • Compare findings with previous local and international studies.
  • Establish epidemiological data for paediatric solid tumours in the region.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of paediatric solid tumours over 5 years.
  • Analysis of cancer registers and patient medical records.
  • Histopathological review and reclassification of archived specimens.

Main Results:

  • 181 paediatric solid tumours diagnosed; 87 (49%) malignant.
  • Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most frequent malignant tumour (31%).
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (19.5%) and Burkitt lymphoma (13.8%) were also significant.

Conclusions:

  • Rhabdomyosarcoma is the leading childhood solid malignancy in Jos, Nigeria.
  • Findings highlight the need for focused diagnosis and management strategies.
  • This data is crucial for improving prognosis of paediatric soft tissue sarcomas.