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What does consistent participation in 401(k) plans generate?

Jack VanDerhei¹, Sarah Holden, Luis Alonso

¹EBRI, Washington, DC 20005-4051, USA.

EBRI Issue Brief

|August 12, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Consistent participants in 401(k) plans show significant retirement asset accumulation potential. Younger individuals and those with smaller initial balances experienced higher growth rates, highlighting the benefits of long-term participation.

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Area of Science:

Retirement Planning
Personal Finance
Investment Management

Background:

The EBRI/ICI 401(k) database provides insights into retirement savings.
Analyzing consistent participant groups is crucial for understanding long-term accumulation potential.
Previous analyses often used broad cross-sections, potentially masking individual growth trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the long-term retirement asset accumulation of a consistent group of 401(k) plan participants.
To compare the financial outcomes of consistent participants versus the general participant population.
To identify factors influencing account balance growth within 401(k) plans.

Main Methods:

Utilized the EBRI/ICI 401(k) database, focusing on a consistent cohort from 1999 to 2007.
Calculated average and median annual growth rates for account balances over the eight-year period.
Examined the influence of age, initial balance, contributions, investment returns, and withdrawal activity on account growth.

Main Results:

Consistent participants' average account balance grew by 9.5% annually to $137,430, and the median balance grew by 15.2% to $76,946 by year-end 2007.
Consistent participants' average and median balances significantly outperformed the overall database averages.
Younger participants (in their 20s) exhibited exceptional growth (36.0% annually) driven by contributions relative to their initial balances.
Approximately two-thirds of 401(k) assets were concentrated in equity securities across both consistent and general participant groups.

Conclusions:

Long-term participation in 401(k) plans demonstrates substantial retirement asset accumulation potential.
Individual outcomes are significantly influenced by factors such as age, contribution levels, and investment strategy.
The tendency for participants to favor equity investments remained consistent across different participant groups.