Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics01:15

Antihypertensive Drugs: Thiazide-Class Diuretics

Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics01:28

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers01:31

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...
Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications01:28

Hypertension IV: Drug Therapy and Lifestyle Modifications

Multiple classes of antihypertensive medications are employed in treating hypertension. The most commonly recommended first-line treatments include:Thiazide Diuretics, such as chlorthalidone, increase sodium and water excretion from the body, reducing blood volume and blood pressure.Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, like lisinopril, block the conversion of angiotensin I to II, a potent vasoconstrictor lowering blood pressure.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) prevent angiotensin II...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cardiopulmonary Baroreflex Control of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Is Impaired in Dogs With Left Ventricular Dysfunction.

Journal of cardiac failure·2019
Same author

Does the benefit from treating to lower blood pressure targets vary with age? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of hypertension·2019
Same author

History and Justification of a National Blood Pressure Measurement Validated Device Listing.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2018
Same author

Hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone, indapamide, and potassium-sparing/hydrochlorothiazide diuretics for reducing left ventricular hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)·2018
Same author

Subcutaneous Furosemide in Heart Failure: Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of a Newly Buffered Solution.

JACC. Basic to translational science·2018
Same author

Hydrochlorothiazide and alternative diuretics versus renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy: a head-to-head meta-analysis.

Journal of hypertension·2018
Same journal

Pharmacotherapeutic interventions for pediatric ulcerative colitis.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

The rise and fall of TRPV1-targeted analgesia in osteoarthritis: a critical appraisal.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

Dopamine transporter and beyond: evolving targets and combination strategies in stimulant use disorder.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

GnRH antagonists for the treatment of fibroids and adenomyosis, current evidence and future perspectives.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
Same journal

Current advances in pharmacotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Chlorthalidone - a renaissance in use?

Domenic A Sica

    Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
    |August 12, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Chlorthalidone, a potent diuretic, offers superior blood pressure control and cardiovascular benefits compared to hydrochlorothiazide due to its pharmacokinetic profile. Its wider clinical use is anticipated with new combination therapies.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

    Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
    08:35

    Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

    Published on: May 26, 2022

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Nephrology

    Background:

    • Diuretic therapy is fundamental for managing hypertension, used alone or with other agents.
    • Class effects and pharmacokinetic differences complicate diuretic selection.
    • Hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone are thiazide diuretics with distinct pharmacokinetic profiles.

    Discussion:

    • Chlorthalidone exhibits a longer duration of action and wider distribution, including red blood cells, enhancing its efficacy.
    • These pharmacokinetic properties translate to superior blood pressure reduction and improved cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients.
    • Despite its advantages, chlorthalidone's limited availability in fixed-dose combinations has restricted its clinical application.

    Key Insights:

    • Chlorthalidone's pharmacokinetic advantages offer superior antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects.
    • The drug's efficacy is linked to its prolonged half-life and distribution characteristics.
    • Improved formulation availability, particularly in fixed-dose combinations, is crucial for wider adoption.

    Outlook:

    • Development of fixed-dose combinations, such as those with angiotensin-receptor blockers, is expected to increase chlorthalidone use.
    • Future research will assess the efficacy and safety of these new combinations in diverse hypertensive populations.
    • Optimizing combination therapies aims to maximize blood pressure reduction while minimizing adverse effects.