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Related Concept Videos

Targets for Drug Action: Overview01:26

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...
Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes01:10

Drug Excretion: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug excretion involves various organs, including the liver, intestines, skin, and eyes. In the case of drugs or toxins, they can be actively secreted into bile by transporters in the hepatocyte's canalicular membrane. These substances enter the GI tract during digestion and may be reabsorbed into the body from the intestine. This process, known as enterohepatic recycling, can significantly prolong the presence and effects of a substance in the body. To interrupt this cycle, specific substances...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

Drug targeting through pilosebaceous route.

Rashmi Chourasia1, Sanjay K Jain

  • 1Pharmaceutics Project Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H.S.Gour University, Sagar (M.P) 470003, India. drskjainin@yahoo.com

Current Drug Targets
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Hair follicles offer significant potential for targeted drug delivery, despite being overlooked. Advanced delivery systems can enhance treatment for skin conditions like acne and alopecia by targeting the pilosebaceous unit.

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Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Topical drug delivery aims for localized skin treatment.
  • Transcellular and intercellular routes are well-studied, while the follicular pathway is often neglected.
  • Hair follicles, though a small skin surface area, offer deep dermal penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the potential of the hair follicle as a route for topical drug delivery.
  • To explore various drug delivery systems for targeting the pilosebaceous unit.
  • To discuss recent research on drugs investigated for pilosebaceous delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of drug delivery systems.
  • Analysis of research on follicular and pilosebaceous unit targeting.
  • Examination of therapeutic applications for skin conditions and cosmetics.

Main Results:

  • The pilosebaceous unit is crucial for effective topical treatments.
  • Advanced delivery systems like nanoparticles and liposomes show promise for follicular targeting.
  • Targeting the pilosebaceous unit can improve treatments for alopecia, acne, and skin cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The hair follicle pathway presents a valuable, yet underexplored, route for enhanced topical drug delivery.
  • Utilizing advanced drug delivery systems can optimize therapeutic outcomes for various skin conditions.
  • Further research into follicular targeting is essential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic advancements.