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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
06:04

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Published on: June 9, 2023

Left ventricular noncompaction in children.

Carline Koh1, Pui-Wah Lee, Tak-Cheung Yung

  • 1Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Grantham Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

Congenital Heart Disease
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) in children is a varied condition. Early diagnosis and long-term monitoring for heart dysfunction and arrhythmias are crucial for managing pediatric LVNC.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model
06:04

Establishment and Confirmation of a Postnatal Right Ventricular Volume Overload Mouse Model

Published on: June 9, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients.
  • Understanding its clinical spectrum and outcomes is essential for effective management.

Observation:

  • A retrospective review of 10 children diagnosed with LVNC between 1999 and 2007.
  • Diagnosis was based on echocardiographic evidence of a thickened, noncompacted myocardium with deep spaces.
  • Patients presented with a median age of 2 years, with some having isolated LVNC and others associated congenital heart defects.

Findings:

  • Congestive heart failure was the most common presentation (8/10 patients).
  • Cardiomegaly and electrocardiographic abnormalities were frequent at diagnosis.
  • Mortality occurred in 30% of patients, with causes including sudden death and heart failure; survivors faced risks of arrhythmias.

Implications:

  • Pediatric LVNC is clinically heterogeneous, requiring individualized long-term follow-up.
  • Monitoring for progressive left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias is critical.
  • Further research into pediatric LVNC pathogenesis and treatment strategies is warranted.