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Related Concept Videos

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Exon Recombination

The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
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Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy
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Published on: October 21, 2014

Intronization, de-intronization and intron sliding are rare in Cryptococcus.

Scott W Roy1

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. royscott@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Changes in gene sequences can alter splicing signals, potentially creating new introns or modifying existing ones. This study in Cryptococcus fungi found intron creation and boundary shifts to be rare evolutionary events.

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ACT1-CUP1 Assays Determine the Substrate-Specific Sensitivities of Spliceosomal Mutants in Budding Yeast

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic pre-mRNA undergoes splicing to remove introns, guided by sequence signals (motifs) at intron boundaries.
  • Genomic alterations affecting splicing signals can change transcript patterns, potentially leading to novel proteins and phenotypic variation.
  • Recent studies propose these splicing changes are key in eukaryotic gene structure evolution, but their genomic rate is unquantified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the genomic rate of intron gain, loss, and boundary movement in closely related fungal species.
  • To investigate the frequency of intronization, de-intronization, and intron boundary dynamics in evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomic analysis of intron boundaries across four closely related Cryptococcus fungal species.
  • Utilized cDNA confirmation to identify non-conserved intron boundaries and characterize changes.
  • Quantified instances of intronization, de-intronization, and intron boundary movement.

Main Results:

  • Canonical intron boundaries (GT...AG) are highly conserved across the studied species.
  • Out of 28,256 introns, only 40 showed non-conserved boundaries, mostly due to alternative splicing.
  • Identified five cases of intronization (new intron creation) and no de-intronization; limited evidence for intron boundary movement.

Conclusions:

  • Intronization, de-intronization, and intron boundary movement are rare evolutionary events.
  • The high conservation of intron boundaries suggests strong selective pressure against such changes.
  • Splicing signal evolution appears to be a constrained process in these fungal lineages.