Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dementia l: Introduction01:22

Dementia l: Introduction

Dementia is an acquired, progressive syndrome characterized by a decline in multiple cognitive domains severe enough to impair daily functioning and reduce independence. Although memory loss is a central feature, the diagnosis requires additional deficits involving language, executive function, visuospatial skills, judgment, calculation, or abstract reasoning. These cognitive impairments reflect underlying neurodegenerative or vascular processes that gradually disrupt neuronal networks...
Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction01:29

Alzheimer Disease l: Introduction

Alzheimer disease is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in older adults. It leads to gradual neuronal loss, causing cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and loss of functional independence.Risk Factors and EtiologyThe disease is multifactorial. Age is the strongest risk factor, with prevalence doubling every 5 years after age 65. Genetic factors include mutations in genes such as APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2, which are associated...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Dementia01:30

Dementia

Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Anti-mGluR5 encephalitis: distinctive clinical features and antibody patterns in the Chinese population.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Age-related changes in saccade behavior.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

PrP<sup>C</sup>-facilitated cell signaling activates phospholipase Cɣ1 and triggers an Arc/Arg3.1 response in mouse and iPSC-derived human neurons.

Stem cell reports·2026
Same author

A single large-scale mitochondrial DNA deletion presenting as rapidly progressive dementia in a 35-year-old male.

NPJ dementia·2026
Same author

Standardizing "Rapid": Applying the Clinical Dementia Rating to Define Rapidly Progressive Dementia.

Neurology·2025
Same author

Correction: The Natural History Study and Biomarker Collection of the Clinical Research Consortium for the Study of Cerebellar Ataxia (CRC-SCA).

Cerebellum (London, England)·2025
Same journal

Update on Genetic Chorea.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Implications and Putative Mechanisms: a Narrative Review.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

The Potential of Rehabilitation to Amplify Experience-Induced Myelin Plasticity and Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

The Noradrenergic Brain in Parkinson's Disease.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Mapping the Silent Onset of Parkinson's Disease: Monoamine Imaging in the Era of the Race for Preclinical Intervention.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
Same journal

Functional and Structural Brain Imaging Correlates of Treatment Response in Functional Movement Disorder.

Current neurology and neuroscience reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Immunologically mediated dementias.

Michael H Rosenbloom1, Sallie Smith, Gulden Akdal

  • 1UCSF Memory and Aging Center, Box 1207, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. michael.geschwind@ucsf.edu

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rapidly progressive dementias that are immune-mediated require prompt diagnosis for effective treatment. Early detection of autoimmune processes is key for managing these challenging neurological conditions.

More Related Videos

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease
09:33

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: December 26, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease
09:33

Quantitative 3D In Silico Modeling (q3DISM) of Cerebral Amyloid-beta Phagocytosis in Rodent Models of Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: December 26, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Most dementias stem from neurodegenerative or vascular causes.
  • Immunologically mediated dementias are less common but require urgent diagnosis.
  • These conditions can progress rapidly and are often treatable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of diagnosing immunologically mediated dementias.
  • To discuss the clinical challenges and diagnostic approaches.
  • To emphasize the potential for treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical presentation and diagnostic findings in immune-mediated dementias.
  • Discussion of diagnostic workup, including autoimmune markers and cancer screening.
  • Comparison with neurodegenerative and vascular dementia pathways.

Main Results:

  • Immunologically mediated dementias affect limbic, cortical, and sometimes subcortical brain structures.
  • Diagnostic workup often reveals autoimmune processes and occasionally associated cancers.
  • These dementias present a diagnostic challenge due to varied symptoms and rapid progression.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis of immune-mediated dementias is crucial due to their treatability.
  • Immunomodulatory therapy can be effective, contrasting with neurodegenerative processes.
  • Inpatient evaluation and intervention may be necessary for complex cases.