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Related Concept Videos

Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Spreading of Chromatin Modifications02:25

Spreading of Chromatin Modifications

The histone proteins in the nucleosomes are post-translationally modified (PTM) to increase or decrease access to DNA. The commonly observed PTMs are methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination of lysine amino acids in the histone H3 tail region. These histone modifications have specific meaning for the cell. Hence, they are called "histone code". The protein complex involved in histone modification is termed as "reader-writer" complex.
Writers
The writer is an enzyme that can...
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
Heterochromatin02:38

Heterochromatin

The extent of chromatin compaction can be studied by staining chromatin using specific DNA binding dyes. Under the microscope, the dense-compacted regions that take up more dye are called heterochromatin. Heterochromatin is further classified into two forms – constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin.
Constitutive heterochromatin: It is a highly compact region of chromatin that is mostly concentrated in the centromere and telomere. Unlike euchromatin, the amino acid at 9th...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
14:40

Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes

Published on: March 19, 2012

Rice histone deacetylase genes display specific expression patterns and developmental functions.

Yongfeng Hu1, Fujun Qin, Limin Huang

  • 1National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Rice histone deacetylase (HDAC) genes show tissue-specific expression and stress responses. Their down-regulation impacts rice development, suggesting unique functions compared to Arabidopsis HDACs.

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Expression Analysis of Mammalian Linker-histone Subtypes
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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a crucial role in regulating plant gene expression.
  • Understanding the specific functions of HDACs in economically important crops like rice is essential for agricultural improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression patterns and functional roles of rice HDAC genes in development and stress response.
  • To compare the functions of rice HDACs with their homologs in Arabidopsis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of rice HDAC gene expression across different tissues and in response to drought and salt stresses.
  • Gene silencing techniques including artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and RNA interference (RNAi) to down-regulate specific rice HDAC genes.
  • Phenotypic analysis of genetically modified rice plants to observe developmental changes.

Main Results:

  • Rice HDAC gene expression is tissue/organ-specific and largely responsive to drought or salt stresses.
  • Over-expression of rice HDACs did not result in visible phenotypes.
  • Down-regulation of specific HDAC genes (HDA703, HDA710, HDA704, HDT702) led to distinct developmental defects, including reduced fertility, altered vegetative growth, changes in plant height, flag leaf morphology, and leaf/stem narrowing.

Conclusions:

  • Rice HDAC genes exhibit diverse and specific roles in plant development, distinct from their Arabidopsis counterparts.
  • Targeted manipulation of rice HDACs can significantly impact various growth and reproductive aspects.
  • These findings provide insights into epigenetic regulation of development in rice.