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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
CAM Families
The Integrin family of proteins is primarily  involved in a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes
13:36

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes

Published on: October 20, 2023

Sialic acids in T cell development and function.

Shuguang Bi1, Linda G Baum

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, 10833 LeConte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sialic acids on T cells are crucial for their function and fate. This review explores the roles of these sialylated glycans in T cell development and interactions with other cells.

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Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines
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Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.
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Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

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Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes
13:36

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes

Published on: October 20, 2023

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines
12:06

Metabolic Glycoengineering of Sialic Acid Using N-acyl-modified Mannosamines

Published on: November 25, 2017

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.
08:04

Determination of Sialic Acids in Liver and Milk Samples of Wild-type and CMAH Knock-out Mice.

Published on: July 14, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Cell surfaces feature a glycocalyx composed of glycosylated proteins and lipids.
  • Glycans on cell surfaces mediate cell-cell communication and environmental sensing.
  • Sialic acids are key modifications decorating the termini of cell surface glycans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the critical roles of sialylated glycans in T cell biology.
  • To examine how terminal sialic acids influence T cell development and function.
  • To discuss the interactions between sialylated glycans and sialic acid-binding lectins on T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T cell glycobiology.
  • Analysis of the impact of sialic acid modifications on T cell functions.
  • Examination of T cell-lectin binding interactions.

Main Results:

  • Terminal sialic acids are integral to T cell maturation, differentiation, and migration.
  • Sialylated glycans significantly influence T cell survival and cell death pathways.
  • Specific binding of sialic acid-binding lectins to T cell glycans modulates immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Sialylated glycans are essential regulators of T cell fate and function.
  • Understanding these glycan structures provides insights into T cell-mediated immunity.
  • Targeting sialic acid-lectin interactions may offer therapeutic strategies in immunology.