Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Blood-brain Barrier

The Blood-brain Barrier

Gut-Brain Axis

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such as...

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

Factors Affecting Drug Distribution: Physiological Barriers

Drug distribution in the body is intricately regulated by various physiological barriers that control the passage of substances. These include the capillary endothelial barrier, the blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid, blood-placental, and blood-testis barriers.
The capillary endothelial barrier allows only smaller molecules below 600 Da (Daltons) to pass through. It also restricts drugs like heparin that are bound to blood components, limiting their movement within the bloodstream.
The...

Physiological Barriers

Physiological Barriers

Physiological barriers are semi-permeable cellular structures restricting drug diffusion into intracellular compartments and tissues. There are six types of physiological barriers: blood endothelial, cell membrane, blood-brain, blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood-placenta, and blood-testis barriers.
The blood endothelial barrier is the most porous of these. It allows all small ionized, un-ionized, and lipophilic molecules to pass through the endothelial lining into the interstitial space...

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Insulin and Incretin Receptor Agonists Reciprocally Alter Their Blood-Brain Barrier Permeabilities.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Pontine pathology mediates common symptoms of blast-induced chronic mild traumatic brain injury.

Brain communications·2026

Same author

Lecanemab alters basement membrane collagen IV in viable microvessels isolated from brains with high Alzheimer's disease neuropathology.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026

Same author

Role of the endothelial cell apolipoprotein E receptor 2 in modulating the effects of apoE3 and apoE4 on insulin blood-brain barrier transport.

PloS one·2026

Same author

Strategies for blood-brain barrier rejuvenation and repair.

Nature reviews. Drug discovery·2026

Same author

Enzyme replacement therapy for CLN1 batten disease that crosses the blood-brain-barrier.

Molecular genetics and metabolism·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: November 14, 2014

The blood-brain barrier and immune function and dysfunction.

William A Banks¹, Michelle A Erickson

¹Geriatrics Research Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Medical Center-St. Louis, USA. bankswa@slu.edu

Neurobiology of Disease

|August 12, 2009

Summary

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates immune system access to the central nervous system (CNS). This review explores how BBB disruption, immune cell entry, and molecular transport impact neuroimmune interactions.

More Related Videos

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

Reconstruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro to Model and Therapeutically Target Neurological Disease

Reconstruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro to Model and Therapeutically Target Neurological Disease

Published on: October 20, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Published on: November 14, 2014

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Visualizing Impairment of the Endothelial and Glial Barriers of the Neurovascular Unit during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis In Vivo

Published on: March 26, 2019

Reconstruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro to Model and Therapeutically Target Neurological Disease

Reconstruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier In Vitro to Model and Therapeutically Target Neurological Disease

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Physiology

Background:

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) separates the peripheral circulation from the central nervous system (CNS).
It comprises multiple barriers, including CNS capillaries and the choroid plexus.
The BBB plays a crucial role in regulating neuroimmune axis interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine four key aspects of BBB-neuroimmune interactions.
To understand the mechanisms of BBB disruption by LPS and cytokines.
To explore immune cell trafficking and the BBB's role in neuroinflammation.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on BBB function and neuroimmunology.
Analysis of studies investigating the impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines on the BBB.
Examination of research on immune cell transmigration across the BBB.

Main Results:

The BBB is a dynamic interface, not a static shield.
LPS and cytokines can disrupt BBB integrity, allowing immune factor entry.
Cytokine transport and immune cell trafficking are tightly regulated processes across the BBB.

Conclusions:

The BBB is integral to the neuroimmune axis, modulating CNS-immune system communication.
Understanding BBB dynamics is critical for developing therapies for neurological and immune disorders.
Further research into BBB regulation can elucidate mechanisms of neuroinflammation and CNS disease.