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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats
07:56

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Neonatal Stroke in P10 Rats

Published on: April 21, 2017

Prenatal stroke.

Paul Govaert1

  • 1Sophia Children's Hospital Erasmus MC Rotterdam, dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands. paul.govaert3@pandora.be

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This chapter details prenatal stroke, classifying it by arterial infarction, venous thrombosis, and hemorrhage. Understanding these neuropathologies aids in studying risk factors and mechanisms for better diagnosis.

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A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia
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Published on: August 18, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Prenatal stroke is a significant cause of pediatric neurological disability.
  • Accurate classification and understanding of prenatal stroke subtypes are crucial for diagnosis and management.
  • Existing classifications may not fully capture the spectrum of prenatal stroke presentations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive description of prenatal stroke neuropathology, imaging, and mechanisms.
  • To establish a longitudinal classification of prenatal stroke subtypes.
  • To aid in differentiating prenatal stroke from other congenital brain abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on prenatal stroke.
  • Classification of prenatal stroke based on established etiological categories (arterial, venous, hemorrhage).
  • Description of characteristic imaging findings for each subtype.

Main Results:

  • Prenatal stroke is categorized into arterial infarction (forebrain/hindbrain), venous thrombosis, and primary lobar hemorrhage.
  • Forebrain arterial lesions manifest as porencephaly, hydranencephaly, multicystic encephalopathy, or schizencephaly.
  • Venous stroke presents as porencephaly and sinus thrombosis; hindbrain infarction involves brainstem/cerebellar destruction or spinal cord ischemia.
  • Differential diagnosis includes prenatal intracranial hemorrhage and congenital brain infection.

Conclusions:

  • A longitudinal classification facilitates the study of prenatal stroke risk factors and mechanisms.
  • Recognizing distinct neuropathological and imaging features aids in accurate diagnosis.
  • This framework improves understanding and management of prenatal stroke and related conditions.