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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Structure and Organization of Smooth Muscles01:13

Structure and Organization of Smooth Muscles

Smooth muscle tissue is a type of muscle tissue that can be found lining various vital organs in the human body, including the lungs, blood vessels, digestive tract, and respiratory tract. This type of tissue is responsible for regulating the movements of these organs, playing crucial roles in the functioning of various systems, including the vascular, digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems.
Structure of smooth muscle cell
Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with tapering ends and a...

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Molecular Analysis of Endothelial-mesenchymal Transition Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling
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Smooth(ing) muscle differentiation by microRNAs.

Ronald L Neppl1, Da-Zhi Wang

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Cell Stem Cell
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs miR-143 and miR-145 control smooth muscle cell (SMC) plasticity. These microRNAs regulate crucial transcription factors that determine SMC cell fate.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are crucial for vascular and organ function.
  • SMC plasticity, or the ability to change cell type, is vital for development and disease.
  • The molecular mechanisms governing SMC fate determination are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microRNAs in regulating SMC plasticity.
  • To identify specific microRNAs involved in SMC fate determination.
  • To elucidate the molecular targets of these microRNAs in SMCs.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of microRNA expression profiles in SMCs.
  • Functional studies using microRNA mimics and inhibitors.
  • Identification of target transcription factors using gene expression and protein analysis.

Main Results:

  • miR-143 and miR-145 were identified as key regulators of SMC plasticity.
  • These microRNAs directly target and modulate key transcription factors involved in SMC differentiation.
  • Downregulation of miR-143/145 leads to altered SMC phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • miR-143 and miR-145 play a significant role in maintaining SMC identity and function.
  • Targeting miR-143/145 may offer therapeutic potential for diseases involving SMC dysfunction.
  • This study provides novel insights into the epigenetic regulation of SMCs.