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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
05:15

The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition

Published on: February 19, 2018

Spatial forms and mental imagery.

Mark C Price1

  • 1Psychology Faculty, University of Bergen, Norway. mark.price@psysp.uib.no

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Strong visual imagery may explain spatial forms, challenging the need for unique synaesthetic mechanisms. Intentional imagery strategies, not just innate synaesthesia, can create spatial associations for sequences like months.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Spatial forms involve experiencing sequences (e.g., months, numbers) as having spatial locations.
  • Previous research suggested strong general visual imagery is necessary for spatial forms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of general mental imagery in mediating spatial forms.
  • To determine if intentional imagery strategies, rather than unique synaesthetic mechanisms, explain behavioral differences in spatial form participants.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies were conducted, including self-report imagery scales and behavioral experiments.
  • Participants (with and without spatial forms) were instructed to visualize sequences in specific spatial layouts.
  • Reaction times were measured for tasks involving month classification (first/second half, odd/even).

Main Results:

  • Individuals with spatial forms scored higher on visual imagery scales.
  • Instructed visual imagery in normal participants produced SNARC (Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes) effects similar to those in spatial form groups.
  • Reversing instructed spatial associations reversed the SNARC effect direction.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral differences between spatial form and control groups may be explained by intentional imagery strategies, not solely by synaesthetic mechanisms.
  • Strong general imagery processes likely complement synaesthetic mechanisms in explaining spatial forms.