Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Effects of feedback01:24

Effects of feedback

Feedback in control systems plays a critical role in shaping various operational parameters, extending beyond simple error reduction to influence stability, bandwidth, gain, impedance, and sensitivity. Understanding these effects requires examining a basic feedback system characterized by defined input, output, error, and feedback signals.
Feedback significantly modifies the gain of a control system. The gain of a system without feedback is altered by a factor of one plus GH, where G represents...
Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in visual...
Negative and Positive Feedback01:18

Negative and Positive Feedback

Animal organs and organ systems constantly adjust to internal and external changes through a process called homeostasis ("steady state"). Examples of these changes include regulation of the level of glucose or calcium in the blood or internal responses to external temperatures. Homeostasis requires  maintaining an internal dynamic equilibrium:
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
Naturalistic Observations02:30

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

When less is more: single selfhood-related cues elicit higher selfhood ratings than multiple cues.

Frontiers in cognition·2026
Same author

Theta band activity during event-file retrieval is influenced by stimulus salience in the preceding action episode.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same author

Altered neural oscillatory dynamics underlie reduced anticipatory schema use during event segmentation in adolescents with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum disorder.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026
Same author

How the influence of cingulate-lingual interactions on event segmentation changes from early to late adolescence.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Negative Feedback Does Not Reverse Observationally Acquired Binding and Retrieval Effects: A Failed Replication.

Journal of cognition·2026
Same author

Learning from feedback is independent from feedback visibility, but supported by aperiodic neural activity.

NeuroImage·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

Action-effect negativity: irrelevant action effects are monitored like relevant feedback.

Guido P H Band1, Henk van Steenbergen, K Richard Ridderinkhof

  • 1Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands. band@fsw.leidenuniv.nl

Biological Psychology
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Action-effect bindings help predict upcoming events. Task-irrelevant stimuli, like performance feedback, engage action monitoring processes, suggesting automatic learning of action-contingent relations.

More Related Videos

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies
07:43

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

Published on: August 4, 2023

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm
12:12

Irrelevant Stimuli and Action Control: Analyzing the Influence of Ignored Stimuli via the Distractor-Response Binding Paradigm

Published on: May 14, 2014

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies
07:43

A Naturalistic Setup for Presenting Real People and Live Actions in Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience Studies

Published on: August 4, 2023

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation
12:33

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

Published on: December 31, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Goal-directed actions rely on integrating actions with their perceptual outcomes (action-effect binding).
  • Action-effect bindings are crucial for anticipating consequences and predicting action-contingent feedback.
  • The precise role of action-effect bindings in predicting task-irrelevant feedback remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the brain's processing of task-irrelevant, response-contingent stimuli compared to explicit performance feedback.
  • To explore the function of automatically acquired action-effect relations in event anticipation.
  • To determine if task-irrelevant action effects contribute to action monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a probabilistic learning task.
  • Employed electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • Compared neural responses to performance-related feedback versus task-irrelevant action effects.

Main Results:

  • Negative performance feedback elicited a feedback-related negativity (N(FB)), associated with response outcome evaluation.
  • Low-probability, task-irrelevant action effects generated a similar, though shorter-lasting, ERP signal.
  • Response delays after negative feedback and after low-probability action effects were correlated.

Conclusions:

  • Automatically acquired action-effect relations are utilized for anticipating upcoming events.
  • Task-irrelevant action effects, similar to performance feedback, contribute to action monitoring processes.
  • Medial frontal cortex likely mediates these action monitoring functions.