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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Scanning Dos and Don'ts: Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Awake Children Aged 3 to 5 Years to Assess Brain Structure and Function

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Development of structural MR brain imaging protocols to study genetics and maturation.

Peter Kochunov¹, Michael Duff Davis

¹Research Imaging Center, Univ. Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA. kochunov@uthscsa.edu

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)

|August 12, 2009

Summary

Developing specialized MRI protocols for non-human primates (NHPs) enables detailed studies of brain morphology and development. Optimized imaging and computational tools advance our understanding of genetic variability and fetal brain maturation trends in NHP models.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Comparative Anatomy
Medical Imaging

Background:

Non-human primates (NHPs) are valuable translational models in structural imaging research.
Challenges in NHP imaging include small brain size and reduced fetal brain volumes compared to humans.
Allometric scaling of cortical structures necessitates specialized imaging protocols for high-resolution studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) protocols for NHP studies.
To investigate genetic variability in brain morphology using NHP models.
To track fetal brain maturation trends longitudinally in NHPs.

Main Methods:

Optimization of MPRAGE and TrueFisp MRI sequences for NHP brain imaging.
Adaptation of computational tools for human structural image analysis to NHP data.
Application of techniques for non-brain tissue removal, RF inhomogeneity correction, and spatial normalization.

Main Results:

Achieved brain-size-adjusted spatial sampling (150-500 µm³) comparable to human studies.
Successfully analyzed cerebral gyrification and individual cortical variability in NHPs.
Enabled tracking of maturation trends in fetal, newborn, and adult NHP brains.

Conclusions:

Specialized MRI protocols and computational tools are crucial for high-resolution NHP brain imaging.
NHP models, when studied with optimized imaging, offer significant translational benefits for neuroscience.
This research advances the study of brain development, genetic influences, and maturation in primate models.