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Related Concept Videos

Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Light Acquisition

In order to produce glucose, plants need to capture sufficient light energy. Many modern plants have evolved leaves specialized for light acquisition. Leaves can be only millimeters in width or tens of meters wide, depending on the environment. Due to competition for sunlight, evolution has driven the evolution of increasingly larger leaves and taller plants, to avoid shading by their neighbors with contaminant elaboration of root architecture and mechanisms to transport water and nutrients.
Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

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Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize
09:23

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Published on: January 14, 2016

Auxin patterns Solanum lycopersicum leaf morphogenesis.

Daniel Koenig1, Emmanuelle Bayer, Julie Kang

  • 1Section of Plant Biology, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant leaf shape diversity arises from dissection, regulated by the phytohormone auxin. Auxin distribution guides lobe and leaflet formation, revealing conserved mechanisms in plant development.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plant leaf shape exhibits remarkable diversity, largely due to variations in leaf blade dissection.
  • Leaf dissection forms lobes or leaflets, contributing significantly to plant morphological variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the phytohormone auxin in regulating leaf dissection and shape.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which auxin controls leaflet initiation and outgrowth.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of auxin distribution patterns in developing leaves.
  • Investigating the function of AUX/indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) genes in leaf development.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric auxin distribution, driven by active transport, dictates the initiation sites of lobes and leaflets.
  • Auxin signaling, mediated by AUX/IAA genes, controls differential laminar outgrowth, repressing growth in low-auxin regions.
  • This mechanism is conserved in both simple and compound leaf development.

Conclusions:

  • Auxin is a critical signal for the partitioned outgrowth required for dissected leaf development.
  • Leaflet initiation shares similarities with organogenesis at the shoot apical meristem.
  • A conserved evolutionary mechanism regulates marginal growth in simple and compound leaves, suggesting homology.