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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular artery,...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
Vascular Spasm01:16

Vascular Spasm

The vascular phase, also known as vasospasm, is the initial stage of hemostasis, crucial for preventing excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured. After a vessel is cut, nerves in the damaged area trigger pain and other sensory impulses. Simultaneously, the smooth muscles in the vessel wall contract, resulting in a vascular spasm. This contraction reduces the vessel's diameter at the injury site, slowing or stopping blood loss through the vessel wall. Vascular spasms typically last for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
10:35

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 19, 2016

Poor trunk flexibility is associated with arterial stiffening.

Kenta Yamamoto1, Hiroshi Kawano, Yuko Gando

  • 1Health Promotion and Exercise Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan. kyamamot@hsc.unt.edu

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Reduced body flexibility is linked to arterial stiffening, particularly in older adults. Maintaining good flexibility may help prevent age-related vascular changes and improve cardiovascular health.

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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
10:35

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

Published on: October 19, 2016

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
05:51

Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (Cf-PWV) to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness

Published on: May 3, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • Flexibility is a key component of physical fitness, alongside cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength.
  • Historically, flexibility has been recognized for its role in preventing musculotendinous injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between body flexibility and arterial stiffening.
  • To test the hypothesis that reduced flexibility is associated with increased arterial stiffness.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 526 adults aged 20-83, categorized by age (young, middle-aged, older).
  • Subjects were grouped into poor- or high-flexibility based on the sit-and-reach test.
  • Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).

Main Results:

  • A significant interaction between age and flexibility on baPWV was observed (P < 0.01).
  • Middle-aged and older adults with poor flexibility exhibited higher baPWV compared to those with high flexibility.
  • No significant difference in baPWV was found between flexibility groups in young adults.

Conclusions:

  • Flexibility may serve as an independent predictor of arterial stiffening.
  • Maintaining flexibility could be important for mitigating age-related arterial stiffening.
  • Flexibility's role in vascular health warrants further investigation beyond its association with other fitness components.