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Related Concept Videos

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption01:22

Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption

During the process of renal excretion, as the glomerular filtrate progresses to the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), drugs that are highly permeable, lipophilic, and nonionized undergo passive reabsorption from the tubular fluid into the surrounding peritubular capillaries. This reabsorption process restricts their elimination through the kidneys. However, the majority of drugs are either weak acids or weak bases, and their ionization level is dependent on pH. By altering the pH of urine, the...
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion01:28

Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Secretion

Active tubular secretion is a robust, energy-demanding process that utilizes carrier systems to transport drugs into renal tubules. The active renal secretion systems include the organic anion transporter (OAT) for weak acids and the organic cation transporter (OCT) for weak bases. Structurally similar drugs can compete for the same transporter, potentially leading to drug accumulation and toxicity. However, this principle can be exploited therapeutically. One example is probenecid (Probalan),...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Identification of the Source of Secreted Proteins in the Kidney by Brefeldin A Injection
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Published on: November 10, 2021

Renal dysfunction potentiates foam cell formation by repressing ABCA1.

Yiqin Zuo1, Patricia Yancey, Iris Castro

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2584, USA.

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) impairs macrophage cholesterol removal, increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), can restore cholesterol efflux in CKD patients, potentially reducing CVD.

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Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

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Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells
09:40

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Published on: June 20, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Nephrology
  • Macrophage Biology

Background:

  • Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face a significantly higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • Existing interventions are insufficient to mitigate the elevated CVD incidence and mortality in CKD patients.
  • The precise mechanisms driving this heightened CVD risk in CKD remain unclear, potentially involving altered macrophage cholesterol metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of renal dysfunction on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis.
  • To explore the role of cholesterol trafficking in CKD-associated atherogenesis.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in restoring macrophage function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the apoE(-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis.
  • Induced renal impairment through uninephrectomy.
  • Assessed macrophage cholesterol content and efflux capacity.
  • Measured expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation.
  • Administered the ARB losartan to assess its effects.

Main Results:

  • Renal impairment significantly increased macrophage cholesterol content.
  • Macrophage cholesterol efflux was markedly impaired in the presence of renal dysfunction.
  • This impairment correlated with decreased ABCA1 transporter expression and increased NF-kappaB activation.
  • Losartan treatment reduced NF-kappaB activity and restored cholesterol efflux.

Conclusions:

  • Mild renal dysfunction disrupts macrophage lipid homeostasis by inhibiting cholesterol efflux.
  • This disruption is mediated by reduced ABCA1 transporter levels and activated NF-kappaB.
  • Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) demonstrate potential in restoring macrophage cholesterol efflux in the context of renal dysfunction.