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Related Concept Videos

Cryptococcal Meningitis01:27

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...

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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
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Published on: May 12, 2011

Optic nerve sheath fenestration in cryptococcal meningitis.

Tatyana Milman1, Neena Mirani, Roger E Turbin

  • 1Ophthalmology Department, Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science.

Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|August 12, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) experienced vision loss from cryptococcal meningitis. Optic nerve sheath fenestration successfully restored vision by relieving intracranial pressure.

Keywords:
cryptococcalfenestrationmeningitisoptic nerve sheath

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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System
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Optic Nerve Sheath Point of Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition
06:09

Optic Nerve Sheath Point of Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Cryptococcal meningitis can cause increased intracranial pressure.
  • Increased intracranial pressure may lead to papilledema and visual impairment.

Observation:

  • A patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with cryptococcal meningitis, papilledema, and severe vision loss.
  • Medical management failed to improve the patient's visual acuity.

Findings:

  • Bilateral optic nerve sheath fenestration was performed.
  • The procedure resulted in significant visual improvement and resolution of papilledema.
  • Histopathology confirmed fungal presence within the optic nerve sheath.

Implications:

  • Optic nerve sheath fenestration can be a viable treatment for visual loss due to high intracranial pressure in cryptococcal meningitis.
  • This surgical intervention may be effective even with direct fungal involvement of the optic nerve sheath.