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Persistent left superior vena cava: what the interventional nephrologist needs to know
Antonio Granata1, Simeone Andrulli, Fulvio Fiorini
1Departments of Nephrology & Dialysis, Internal Medicine & Radiology, Vittorio Emanuele-Ferrarotto-S. Bambino Hospital, University of Catania, Catania,Italy. antonio.granata4@tin.it
The Journal of Vascular Access
|August 12, 2009
Summary
Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare vascular anomaly. It can cause serious complications during medical procedures and should be considered in difficult central venous catheterizations.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Anatomy
- Embryology
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Vascular variations are common incidental findings.
- Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) affects 0.3-0.5% of healthy individuals and 3-10% of those with congenital heart disease.
Observation:
- PLSVC arises from the failure of the left anterior cardinal vein to degenerate during embryonic development.
- This anomaly often remains asymptomatic and undiagnosed unless associated with other conditions.
Findings:
- PLSVC can lead to severe complications like shock, angina, and cardiac arrest during catheterization.
- Difficulty in central venous catheterization via subclavian or internal jugular veins may indicate PLSVC.
Implications:
- Awareness of PLSVC is crucial for clinicians, especially during invasive procedures.
- Consideration of PLSVC can prevent serious complications and improve patient safety.
- Further research into the diagnosis and management of PLSVC is warranted.
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