Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice
Published on: June 8, 2022
The Euro-Lupus Nephritis Trial: the development of the sequential treatment protocol
1The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London. david.d'cruz@kcl.ac.uk
Abstract:
The treatment of lupus nephritis has evolved over many decades and cyclophosphamide has become the standard of care for proliferative lupus nephritis. This article describes the development of a protocol that utilises fixed low doses of cyclophosphamide followed sequentially by azathioprine as a maintenance agent, which has stood the test of time. As novel therapies and biologic agents are more widely used, it is likely that cyclophosphamide use will decline. In particular the prolonged high-dose regimen pioneered by the National Institutes of Health studies will no longer be used on account of its toxicity.
Related Concept Videos
Clinical Trials: Overview
Clinical Trials
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management