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CXCL16 in HIV infection - a link between inflammation and viral replication
L Landrø1, J K Damås, B Halvorsen
1University of Oslo, 0027 Oslo, Norway.
European Journal of Clinical Investigation
|August 14, 2009
Summary
CXCL16 levels are elevated in HIV infection and influence both inflammation and viral replication. Its effects vary, promoting anti-inflammatory responses in treated patients but inflammation and replication in those with high viral loads.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Chemokine Biology
Background:
- Chemokines play dual roles in HIV infection, potentially blocking viral entry or promoting inflammation.
- CXCL16, a CXC chemokine, is examined for its regulation and effects in HIV-infected individuals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the serum levels and functional effects of CXCL16 in HIV-infected patients.
- To understand CXCL16's role in inflammation and HIV replication.
Main Methods:
- Serum CXCL16 levels were measured in HIV-infected patients (pre- and during HAART) and healthy controls.
- Effects of CXCL16 on cytokine production and HIV replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed.
- Impact of HIV-tat protein on CXCL16 release from macrophages was studied.
Main Results:
- CXCL16 levels were significantly higher in HIV-infected patients, correlating with disease severity.
- HAART led to a modest increase in CXCL16 with immunological improvement.
- Soluble CXCL16 induced anti-inflammatory responses in HAART-treated patients but promoted inflammation and HIV replication in high viral load patients.
- HIV-tat protein stimulated CXCL16 release from macrophages.
Conclusions:
- CXCL16 exhibits complex interactions with HIV, influencing both inflammatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.
- CXCL16's effects on HIV replication are partly dependent on the accompanying viral load and treatment status.
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