Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
The diagnosis and treatment of shoulder injuries in the throwing athlete
Objective:
To discuss the general diagnostic and therapeutic considerations involved in managing patients with shoulder injury.
Data Sources:
Medline search going back 10 years, and using the key terms "throwing" and "shoulder injuries."
Data Synthesis:
Papers which evaluated current treatment protocols as determined by previously published papers in peer reviewed journals or textbooks that had no confounding variables were examined.
Results:
The throwing motion is a complex maneuver which requires coordination of a variety of structures. Depending upon the specific kind of injury, rehabilitation may involve numerous different approaches. A 4-phase rehabilitation program is described.
Conclusion:
Synthesis of the literature regarding management of throwing injuries is described.
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