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Real-time Iontophoresis with Tetramethylammonium to Quantify Volume Fraction and Tortuosity of Brain Extracellular Space

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One-step in-syringe ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction.

Marta Cruz-Vera¹, Rafael Lucena, Soledad Cárdenas

¹Department of Analytical Chemistry, Marie Curie Building(Annex), Campus de Rabanales, University of Cordoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|August 14, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A novel in-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method simplifies sample preparation. This automation-ready technique efficiently extracts non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from urine for analysis.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Forensic Chemistry

Background:

Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a rapid sample preparation technique.
Traditional DLLME often requires time-consuming centrifugation.
Automation of DLLME can significantly improve efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a new, simplified one-step in-syringe setup for DLLME.
To eliminate the need for centrifugation in DLLME.
To evaluate the method for determining non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in urine.

Main Methods:

Development of a novel one-step in-syringe DLLME apparatus.
Utilizing an ionic liquid as the extractant.
Analysis of NSAIDs in urine using liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection.

Main Results:

The method successfully determined NSAIDs in urine within the 0.02-10 microg mL(-1) range.
Detection limits ranged from 8.3 ng mL(-1) for indomethacin to 32 ng mL(-1) for ketoprofen.
Repeatability (RSD) varied from 2.5% to 8.6% for the analyzed drugs.

Conclusions:

The proposed in-syringe DLLME offers a simple, rapid, and automation-compatible approach for sample preparation.
The method is suitable for determining NSAIDs at therapeutic and toxic levels in urine.
This advancement opens new possibilities for automated DLLME applications.