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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

Published on: October 11, 2017

Long-lasting context dependence constrains neural encoding models in rodent auditory cortex.

Hiroki Asari¹, Anthony M Zador

¹Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|August 14, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Auditory cortical neurons integrate sound information over seconds, much longer than previously thought. This long temporal integration, driven by presynaptic mechanisms, is crucial for complex sound processing like stream segregation.

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Stereotactically-guided Ablation of the Rat Auditory Cortex, and Localization of the Lesion in the Brain

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Published on: October 11, 2017

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory Neuroscience

Background:

Acoustic processing relies on temporal integration of neural signals.
Understanding the timescales of neuronal integration is key to deciphering auditory perception.

Purpose of the Study:

To measure neuronal integration times in the auditory cortex using in vivo intracellular recordings.
To investigate the mechanisms underlying long temporal integration in auditory neurons.

Main Methods:

In vivo intracellular recordings in anesthetized rats.
Stimulation with natural sounds and other auditory stimuli.
Analysis of synaptic conductances and neuronal adaptation.

Main Results:

Auditory cortical neurons exhibit long context dependence in synaptic inputs (> or =4 s, tau approx 1 s).
This long integration contrasts with rapid conductances (<100 ms) and faster thalamic adaptation (<100 ms).
Presynaptic mechanisms in the cortex, like synaptic depression, likely mediate the long temporal effects.

Conclusions:

The auditory cortex utilizes long-range temporal effects, integrating information over seconds.
These findings suggest a neural basis for auditory processes requiring extended temporal windows, such as stream segregation.
Presynaptic mechanisms in the auditory cortex are critical for establishing long integration timescales.