Age-specific prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density values in a community-based Indian...

Area of Science:

• Urology
• Oncology
• Public Health

Background:

• Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key biomarker for prostate health.
• Establishing population-specific PSA reference ranges is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
• Previous studies have not extensively characterized PSA levels in the Indian population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the distribution of serum PSA levels in a community-based population in Gujarat, India.
• To establish age-specific PSA reference ranges for Indian men.
• To investigate the correlation between PSA, age, and prostate volume.

Main Methods:

• Community screening included digital rectal examination (DRE), uroflowmetry, and serum PSA testing.
• Transabdominal and transrectal sonography were utilized for prostate evaluation.
• 1899 subjects were analyzed after excluding those with malignancy or incomplete follow-up.

Main Results:

• The majority (89.17%) had PSA <4 ng/ml, with 8.9% between 4-10 ng/ml and 1.8% >10 ng/ml.
• Significant correlations were found between age and prostate volume (r=0.33) and prostate volume and PSA (r=0.50).
• Age-specific 95th percentile PSA values ranged from 0-2.1 ng/ml (40-49 years) to 0-5.0 ng/ml (>70 years); 95th percentile PSAD was 0.19.

Conclusions:

• The study indicates a need for separate PSA reference ranges for Indian men.
• Age-specific PSA ranges in this population are lower than typically reported.
• Prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) values were found to be on the higher side.