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Related Concept Videos

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

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Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
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Published on: November 10, 2014

Histopathologic diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis.

Selver Ozekinci1, Bülent Mizrak, Gülbin Saruhan

  • 1Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty of Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey. drselver@gmail.com

Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
|August 15, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing thyroid tuberculosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms. Histopathology and Erlich Ziehl Nelsen staining are crucial for identifying this rare condition in granulomatous thyroiditis cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Thyroid tuberculosis is a rare condition with nonspecific clinical presentations.
  • Diagnosis often requires histopathologic examination of surgical specimens.
  • This study focuses on the histopathologic findings in patients diagnosed with thyroid tuberculosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the histopathologic findings of thyroid tuberculosis.
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and methods for thyroid tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 800 thyroidectomy specimens over 5 years.
  • Analysis of clinical data, fine-needle aspiration cytology, and histopathologic sections (H&E, Erlich Ziehl Nelsen).
  • Inclusion of granulomatous thyroiditis cases for evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Nine cases of granulomatous thyroiditis were identified, with five confirmed as thyroid tuberculosis.
  • Ultrasound showed hypoechoic nodules (1.3-2.5 cm) in all thyroid tuberculosis patients.
  • Histopathology revealed granulomas with caseation necrosis; bacilli were identified via Erlich Ziehl Nelsen staining in three cases and culture in two.

Conclusions:

  • Histopathologic examination and microbiologic cultures are essential for diagnosing thyroid tuberculosis.
  • Tuberculosis should be considered in cases of granulomatous thyroiditis.
  • Erlich Ziehl Nelsen staining aids in the prompt diagnosis of thyroid tuberculosis.